Nuclear Glossary

Accident Tolerant Fuel(ATF)

Advanced fuel/cladding systems resisting higher temperatures and oxidation vs. Zircaloy. Includes coated pellets, FeCrAl cladding, or duplex alloys.

Burnup

Measure of fuel energy extracted, in MWd/tHM (megawatt-days per tonne heavy metal) or % FIMA. Typical LWR: 40-60 GWd/tHM.

Cladding

Zirconium alloy tube containing fuel pellets, isolating fission products from coolant. 0.6mm thick, corrosion-resistant under neutron flux.

Conversion

[Pending enrichment] Conversion. Process of converting U3O8 yellowcake to UF6 for enrichment

Deep Geologic Repository

A deep geologic repository stores high-level nuclear waste in stable underground formations at 300-1,000m depth. Engineered barriers prevent radionuclide migration for millennia.

Depleted Uranium

Uranium with U-235 content reduced below 0.711 wt%, mainly U-238. Produced as byproduct of enrichment; used in MOX fuel, shielding, and munitions.

Dry Cask Storage

Dry cask storage holds spent nuclear fuel in sealed, air-cooled steel and concrete containers above ground. It follows wet pool cooling, providing passive safety for decades.

Enrichment

[Pending enrichment] Enrichment. Increasing the U-235 fraction in uranium

Fuel Assembly

Structured bundle of 200-300 fuel rods, spacers, and guide tubes in a square lattice. Core building block delivering ~100 MW thermal per assembly in PWRs.

Fuel Pellet

Cylindrical ceramic UO2 disks, 8-10mm diameter, 10-15mm height, density >95% TD. Sintered at 1700°C; stacked in rods to form fuel.

Fuel Rod

Long, thin tube (zirconium alloy cladding) filled with stacked UO2 pellets and helium plenum. ~4m long, 1cm diameter; groups form assemblies.

Gas Centrifuge

Gas centrifuge enrichment separates U-235 from UF6 gas using high-speed rotors (50,000-90,000 rpm). Dominant method, supplying 55% of global enrichment capacity.

HALEU(High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium)

[Pending enrichment] High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium.

HEU(Highly Enriched Uranium)

[Pending enrichment] Highly Enriched Uranium.

In-Situ Recovery(ISR / In-Situ Leach)

In-situ recovery (ISR) dissolves uranium in underground ore using oxygenated alkaline or acid solutions, then pumps it to surface for processing. It accounts for 57% of US uranium production.

Laser Enrichment

Laser enrichment selectively excites U-235 in UF6 using tuned lasers, enabling efficient isotope separation. SILEX process by Global Laser Enrichment (GLE) promises 50-100x lower energy than centrifuges.

LEU(Low-Enriched Uranium)

[Pending enrichment] Low-Enriched Uranium.

MOX Fuel(Mixed Oxide Fuel)

Mixed oxide fuel blending plutonium oxide (PuO2) with depleted or natural uranium oxide (UO2). Recycles plutonium from spent fuel to extend fuel resources.

Natural Uranium

[Pending enrichment] Natural Uranium. 0.711% U-235

Open-Pit Uranium Mining

Open-pit uranium mining extracts ore via surface excavation in large pits. Used for shallow, high-grade deposits like those in Canada and Kazakhstan.

PUREX(Plutonium Uranium Reduction Extraction)

PUREX is a wet chemical reprocessing method that separates plutonium and uranium from spent nuclear fuel using organic solvents. It recovers over 99% of fissile materials for reuse.

Reprocessing

Chemical separation of uranium, plutonium from spent fuel fission products. PUREX process recovers 99% actinides for MOX recycle.

Spent Fuel

Irradiated fuel assemblies post-burnup, containing ~96% U, 1% Pu, 3% fission products. Highly radioactive; stored wet or dry.

Spent Fuel Pool

Spent fuel pools are water-filled basins at reactors for initial cooling of used fuel assemblies. Water shields radiation and removes decay heat for 5-10 years.

SWU(Separative Work Unit)

[Pending enrichment] Separative Work Unit.

Tails Assay

Tails assay measures the uranium-235 concentration in depleted tails from enrichment plants. Lower tails assay (0.25-0.30%) improves efficiency and reduces SWU requirements.

TRISO Fuel(Tri-structural Isotropic Particle Fuel)

Tri-structural isotropic particles: UO2 kernel coated in porous carbon, pyrocarbon, SiC, pyrocarbon. Micro-fuel for HTRs; retains fission products to 1600°C.

U3O8(Triuranium Octoxide)

[Pending enrichment] Triuranium Octoxide.

UF4(Uranium Tetrafluoride)

[Pending enrichment] Uranium Tetrafluoride.

UF6(Uranium Hexafluoride)

[Pending enrichment] Uranium Hexafluoride.

Underground Uranium Mining

Underground uranium mining uses shafts and tunnels to access deep, high-grade ores. Conventional method for deposits >300m deep.

UO2(Uranium Dioxide)

[Pending enrichment] Uranium Dioxide.

Vitrification

Vitrification immobilizes high-level radioactive waste by melting it with glass formers into a stable borosilicate matrix. It reduces waste volume and leach rates for long-term storage.

Yellowcake

[Pending enrichment] Yellowcake. Concentrated uranium powder, U3O8 form, output of uranium milling

Zircaloy

Zirconium alloys (Zircaloy-2/4) for fuel cladding and structural components. Low neutron absorption, high corrosion resistance in reactor coolant.

AGR(Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor)

Advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) uses CO2 coolant and graphite moderator with enriched uranium fuel in stainless steel cladding.

BWR(Boiling Water Reactor)

Boiling water reactor (BWR) uses light water as both moderator and coolant, boiling directly in the core to produce steam for turbines.

CANDU(CANada Deuterium Uranium)

CANDU reactor uses heavy water moderator and organic or light water coolant, enabling natural uranium fuel without enrichment.

FBR(Fast Breeder Reactor)

Fast breeder reactor (FBR) breeds more fissile material than it consumes using fast neutrons without moderator.

Generation III

Generation III reactors are evolutionary LWR designs with enhanced safety over Gen II, featuring 60-year life and higher burnup.

Generation III+

Generation III+ reactors are advanced LWRs with passive safety systems, longer life (60+ years), and standardized design for shorter construction.

Generation IV

Generation IV reactors are six advanced concepts targeting sustainability, safety, proliferation resistance, and economics by 2030.

GFR(Gas-cooled Fast Reactor)

Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) is a Generation IV design using helium coolant and fast neutrons for high-temperature operation and fuel breeding from depleted uranium.

HTGR(High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor)

High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) uses helium coolant, graphite moderator, and TRISO-coated fuel particles for high efficiency.

LFR(Lead-cooled Fast Reactor)

Lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) employs molten lead or lead-bismuth coolant for fast neutron breeding and high safety.

LWR(Light Water Reactor)

Light Water Reactor (LWR) uses ordinary water as moderator and coolant; dominant type comprising PWRs (70%) and BWRs (20%) of global fleet.

Magnox

Magnox reactor is an early UK gas-cooled design using natural uranium metal fuel in magnesium alloy cans and CO2 coolant.

MSR(Molten Salt Reactor)

Molten salt reactor (MSR) uses liquid fluoride or chloride salts as fuel, coolant, and sometimes moderator at atmospheric pressure.

Pebble Bed Reactor

Pebble bed reactor circulates billiard-ball-sized fuel pebbles containing TRISO particles in a helium-cooled graphite-moderated core.

PHWR(Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) uses heavy water moderator and coolant, enabling use of unenriched natural uranium fuel.

PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor)

Pressurized water reactor (PWR) uses high-pressure water as coolant and moderator, with steam generators separating primary and secondary circuits. Most common reactor type, ~300 GWe operating globally.

RBMK(Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalnyy)

RBMK is a Soviet graphite-moderated, light-water-cooled reactor with individual fuel channels, known for Chernobyl design flaws.

SFR(Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor)

Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) uses liquid sodium coolant for fast spectrum breeding with high thermal margins.

VVER(Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor)

VVER is a Russian pressurized water reactor (PWR) family using light water coolant and moderator in a vertical steam generator design.

Aurora

Aurora is Oklo's 15 MWe sodium-cooled fast reactor microreactor using HALEU metallic fuel in a compact, factory-built design.

BWRX-300

BWRX-300 is GE Hitachi's 300 MWe boiling water SMR with passive safety, natural circulation, and isolation condensers.

CAP1400 / Linglong One

CAP1400, also called Linglong One in SMR form, is a Chinese 100-1400 MWe PWR derived from AP1000.

Clinch River Site

Clinch River Site is TVA's Oak Ridge location with NRC early site permit for up to four SMR units.

DOE ARC Program(Advanced Reactor Concepts)

DOE ARC Program funds early-stage advanced reactor concepts for technical maturation.

DOE Reactor Pilot Program

DOE Reactor Pilot Program selects sites and partners for advanced reactor demonstrations.

eVinci

eVinci is Westinghouse's 5 MWe heat-pipe cooled microreactor with no pumps or active cooling systems.

Hermes

Hermes is Kairos Power's 35 MWth fluoride salt-cooled reactor demonstration unit for FHR technology.

Integral Reactor Design

Integral reactor design houses primary coolant pump, heat exchangers, and core in single pressure vessel to minimize piping and leaks.

KP-FHR(Kairos Power Fluoride salt-cooled High temperature Reactor)

KP-FHR is Kairos Power's 140 MWe fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor using TRISO pebble fuel.

Microreactor

Microreactor is an SMR <10 MWe for remote/off-grid applications, often transportable with 3-10 year fuel life.

MMR(USNC Micro Modular Reactor)

MMR is Ultra Safe Nuclear's 5-15 MWe graphite-moderated microreactor using TRISO fuel in low-pressure coolant.

Natrium

Natrium is TerraPower's 345 MWe sodium-cooled fast reactor SMR with 500 MWth molten-salt thermal storage for flexible output.

NuScale VOYGR

NuScale VOYGR is an integral PWR SMR with 77 MWe modules, up to 12 per plant (924 MWe), NRC design-certified in 2023.

Nuward

Nuward is EDF and CEA's 300-400 MWe pressurized water SMR based on proven EPR technology.

Rolls-Royce SMR

Rolls-Royce SMR is a 470 MWe PWR design with 500-day refueling cycle and factory-built modules.

SMR(Small Modular Reactor)

Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a factory-built reactor <300 MWe, scalable by modules for incremental deployment.

Xe-100

Xe-100 is X-energy's 80 MWe high-temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor using TRISO fuel particles.

ABWR(Advanced Boiling Water Reactor)

Advanced Boiling Water Reactor by GE Hitachi Toshiba, 1350-1450 MWe with active safety and digital controls; operational since 1996.

AP1000

Generation III+ pressurized water reactor (PWR) designed by Westinghouse with 1117 MWe net capacity and passive safety systems relying on natural circulation.

AP300

Small modular reactor (SMR) variant of the AP1000 PWR by Westinghouse, rated at 300 MWe with simplified design for factory fabrication.

APR1400

Generation III+ pressurized water reactor by KEPCO (Korea) with 1400 MWe net capacity, featuring enhanced safety and 60-year design life.

EPR(European Pressurized Reactor)

Generation III+ pressurized water reactor developed by Framatome (formerly Areva) with 1650 MWe capacity and four-train safety systems.

ESBWR(Economic Simplified BWR)

Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor by GE Hitachi, 1520 MWe with fully passive safety eliminating AC power needs for 72 hours.

HPR1000(Hualong One)

Breeding Ratio

Ratio of fissile atoms produced to fissile atoms consumed in reactor core.

Capacity Factor

Capacity factor is the ratio of actual energy produced over a period to the maximum possible at full capacity. Nuclear plants average 90-93% annually.

Control Rod

Absorber rod inserted into reactor core to regulate neutron flux and control reactivity.

Criticality

State where neutron production equals losses, sustaining steady chain reaction in fissile material.

Decay Heat

Residual heat from fission product decay after reactor shutdown.

Doppler Effect

Negative reactivity feedback from fuel temperature rise broadening resonance absorption peaks.

Fast Neutrons

Neutrons with high kinetic energy above 1 MeV, produced directly in fission without moderation.

Half-Life

Time for half of radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.

Isotope

Atoms of same element (Z) with different neutron numbers (A), e.g., U-235 vs. U-238.

k-effective

Effective neutron multiplication factor (k), ratio of neutrons in one generation to previous.

Load Following

Load following is the capability of a nuclear reactor to adjust power output in response to grid demand fluctuations. It contrasts with baseload operation.

Moderator

Material that slows fast neutrons to thermal energies through elastic collisions, enabling fission chain reactions.

Neutron Flux

Measure of neutron density times velocity, in neutrons/cm²/s, driving fission rate in reactor core.

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear process where a heavy atomic nucleus splits into lighter nuclei, releasing energy, neutrons, and radiation.

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear reaction fusing light nuclei like deuterium-tritium to form helium, releasing ~17 MeV energy per event.

Plutonium-239

Fissile isotope Pu-239 (half-life 24,110 y), primary fuel for breeders and MOX in LWRs.

Primary Loop

The primary loop circulates coolant through the reactor core, transferring fission heat while containing radioactivity.

Reactivity

Measure of reactor deviation from criticality, expressed as ρ = (k-1)/k where k is effective multiplication factor.

Reactor Pressure Vessel

The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is a thick steel cylinder housing the reactor core and primary coolant under high pressure.

Secondary Loop

The secondary loop generates steam for turbines from primary heat, remaining non-radioactive.

Thermal Efficiency

Thermal efficiency is the ratio of electrical output to thermal energy input from fission. LWRs achieve 33-37%.

Thermal Neutrons

Neutrons with low kinetic energy, typically 0.025 eV at room temperature, in thermal equilibrium with surrounding moderator material.

Thorium Fuel Cycle

Thorium-232

Thorium-232 (Th-232) is the primary isotope of thorium, comprising nearly 100% of natural thorium. It is fertile and breeds fissile uranium-233 via neutron capture.

Uranium-235

Uranium-235 (U-235) is the fissile isotope of uranium that sustains nuclear fission in reactors. It constitutes 0.72% of natural uranium and requires enrichment for most power reactors.

Uranium-238

Uranium-238 (U-238) is the most abundant isotope in natural uranium at 99.27%. It is fertile, not fissile, but captures neutrons to breed plutonium-239.

Void Coefficient

Change in reactivity per unit void fraction in coolant, typically negative in LWRs for safety.

Beyond-Design-Basis Accident

Beyond-design-basis accident (BDBA) exceeds the plant's design-basis events, requiring additional safety features to prevent core damage or containment failure.

Containment Building

The containment building is a reinforced concrete and steel structure enclosing the reactor to confine radioactive releases.

Core Damage Frequency(CDF)

Core damage frequency (CDF) is the expected number of core damage events per reactor-year, typically targeted below 10^-5.

Defense in Depth

Defense in depth employs multiple independent barriers and safety layers to prevent and mitigate accidents.

Design-Basis Accident

Design-basis accident (DBA) is an event the nuclear plant is designed and licensed to withstand without core damage or significant offsite radiation release.

ECCS(Emergency Core Cooling System)

Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) automatically injects borated water into the reactor core to remove decay heat and prevent cladding failure during loss-of-coolant accidents.

Loss-of-Coolant Accident(LOCA)

Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) occurs when reactor coolant inventory decreases due to a pipe break, potentially uncovering the core.

Natural Circulation

Natural circulation drives coolant flow via buoyancy from density differences, without pumps, enhancing passive safety.

Passive Safety

Passive safety uses natural forces like gravity, convection, and stored energy for cooling without pumps, valves, or AC power.

Probabilistic Risk Assessment(PRA)

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) quantifies accident sequences and core damage frequency using fault trees and event trees.

Severe Accident

Severe accident involves core melting, hydrogen generation, and potential containment breach, beyond design-basis events.

Spent Fuel Cooling

Spent fuel cooling removes decay heat from irradiated assemblies in pools or dry casks to prevent cladding breach.

Station Blackout

Station blackout (SBO) is the complete loss of offsite and onsite AC power to all engineered safety systems, relying on DC batteries briefly.

Walk-Away Safe

ADVANCE Act

U.S. legislation (Pub. L. 118-47, 2024) accelerating advanced nuclear reactor deployment via NRC process reforms, including fee adjustments and DOE demonstration support.

CNSC(Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission)

Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), federal regulator overseeing nuclear safety, security, and non-proliferation.

COL(Combined License)

A Combined License (COL) from the NRC authorizes both construction and operation of a nuclear power plant under 10 CFR Part 52.

DOE(US Department of Energy)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) manages federal nuclear energy research, development, and nonproliferation programs.

DOE Loan Programs Office

The DOE Loan Programs Office (LPO) provides debt financing for innovative energy projects, including advanced nuclear reactors, under Title 17 of the Energy Policy Act.

ESP(Early Site Permit)

An Early Site Permit (ESP) from the NRC approves a site for future nuclear plant construction under 10 CFR Part 52, valid up to 20 years.

GDA(Generic Design Assessment (UK))

The UK's Generic Design Assessment (GDA) is a pre-licensing process by the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) evaluating reactor designs for deployment.

IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes peaceful nuclear technology use and verifies compliance with non-proliferation treaties.

IAEA Safeguards

INPO(Institute of Nuclear Power Operations)

Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (1984), a U.S. utility-funded nonprofit promoting nuclear safety excellence through peer reviews and training.

License Renewal

NRC process extending U.S. reactor operating licenses from 40 to 60 years (initial renewal) based on aging management.

NEPA(National Environmental Policy Act)

U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (1969) requires federal agencies to assess environmental impacts of major actions, including nuclear projects via EIS or EA.

NPT(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1970, 191 parties) commits non-nuclear states to IAEA safeguards and nuclear-weapon states to disarmament.

NRC(Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is the independent federal agency that regulates civilian nuclear power reactors, materials, and waste to ensure public health and safety.

NRC Event Notification

U.S. NRC requirements (10 CFR 50.72) for licensees to report safety-significant events within 1-4 hours or 60 days.

NRC Part 50

NRC 10 CFR Part 50 governs the original two-step licensing process for nuclear power plants: Construction Permit followed by Operating License.

NRC Part 52

NRC 10 CFR Part 52 establishes a one-step Combined License (COL) process with pre-certified standard designs for new nuclear reactors.

NRC Part 53

NRC 10 CFR Part 53 proposes a risk-informed licensing framework for advanced non-light-water reactors, emphasizing performance-based regulations.

NRC Resident Inspector

Full-time U.S. NRC staff stationed at operating nuclear power plants to provide independent safety oversight and verify licensee compliance.

PRIS(Power Reactor Information System)

SDA(NRC Standard Design Approval)

NRC Standard Design Approval (SDA) certifies reactor designs without site-specific elements under 10 CFR Part 52, Subpart B.

Subsequent License Renewal

NRC second license extension to 80 years, assessing extended aging effects beyond initial renewal.

WANO(World Association of Nuclear Operators)

World Association of Nuclear Operators (1989), international nonprofit facilitating peer reviews and best practices for ~440 global reactors.

Backwardation

Backwardation is when uranium forward prices are below spot prices, signaling immediate supply surplus or demand urgency.

Baseload Power

Continuous electricity generation from plants operating at maximum output nearly 24/7 to meet minimum grid demand. Nuclear excels here with 90-95% capacity factors.

Capacity Market

Contango

Contango occurs when uranium forward prices exceed spot prices, indicating expectations of future supply tightness or storage costs.

Data Center PPA

A long-term power purchase agreement between nuclear power providers and data center operators to deliver firm, carbon-free electricity. Enables data centers to secure baseload power for AI and computing loads.

Enrichment Contracting

[Pending enrichment] Enrichment Contracting.

Forward Curve

Hyperscaler Nuclear Deals

Agreements between nuclear developers and hyperscale data center operators like Microsoft, Google, and Amazon for dedicated nuclear power supply. Focus on reliable, zero-emission energy for high-demand computing.

ITC(Investment Tax Credit (Sec 48E))

Investment Tax Credit under IRC Sec 48E for clean electricity production facilities, offering 6-50% of qualified costs based on emissions and wages.

LCOE(Levelized Cost of Energy)

Lifetime cost of electricity generation divided by total MWh produced, in $/MWh. LCOE for nuclear: $70-90/MWh per Lazard 2023.

Long-Term Price

[Pending enrichment] Long-Term Price.

NLR ETF

[Pending enrichment] NLR ETF.

Nuclear PTC(Production Tax Credit (Sec 45U))

Federal Production Tax Credit under IRC Sec 45U, providing up to $27.50/MWh (2024 indexed) for existing zero-emission nuclear production from 2024-2032.

Nuclear Renaissance

Resurgence in nuclear power development driven by decarbonization, AI power demand, and policy support post-2020.

NUKZ ETF

[Pending enrichment] NUKZ ETF.

Numerco

[Pending enrichment] Numerco.

Overnight Capital Cost

Total capital cost of a power plant if constructed instantly, excluding financing, interest during construction, and escalation. Nuclear: $6,000-12,000/kW.

PPA(Power Purchase Agreement)

[Pending enrichment] Power Purchase Agreement.

QFEX

QFEX is a cryptocurrency exchange offering uranium-USD perpetual futures contracts for speculative trading on nuclear fuel prices.

REC(Renewable Energy Credit)

A tradable certificate representing one megawatt-hour of renewable or zero-carbon electricity generation. Nuclear plants in some states qualify for RECs to monetize clean attributes.

RedStone Oracle

RedStone Oracle is a digital platform by RedStone Research providing real-time uranium spot and forward price assessments for market participants.

Restart Premium

[Pending enrichment] Restart Premium.

Spot Price

Current uranium concentrate (U3O8) transaction price on the physical spot market, weekly indicators from UxC (~$80/lb 2024) and Numerco.

Sprott Physical Uranium Trust(U.UN / SRUUF)

[Pending enrichment] U.UN / SRUUF.

URA ETF

[Pending enrichment] URA ETF.

URNM ETF

[Pending enrichment] URNM ETF.

Utility Contracting

[Pending enrichment] Utility Contracting.

UxC(UxC LLC)

[Pending enrichment] UxC LLC.

Zero Emission Credit(ZEC)

State-issued credit for zero-emission nuclear generation, compensating plants for environmental value. Example: Illinois ZECs paid $16.50/MWh through 2032.

Akkuyu NPP

Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in Turkey, a 4.8 GW VVER-1200 project built by Rosatom, with unit 1 grid-connected April 2024.

CGN(China General Nuclear Power Group)

China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN) develops and operates nuclear power plants in China and overseas.

CNNC(China National Nuclear Corporation)

China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) manages China's nuclear fuel cycle, mining, and reactor operations.

EDF(Électricité de France)

Électricité de France (EDF) operates France's 56-reactor nuclear fleet, generating 70% of national electricity.

Iran Nuclear Program

Iran's nuclear activities, including uranium enrichment to 60% U-235, under IAEA scrutiny for non-proliferation concerns.

JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), 2015 Iran nuclear deal limiting enrichment in exchange for sanctions relief; US withdrew 2018.

Kazatomprom

Kazatomprom is Kazakhstan's state-owned uranium mining company, producing ~43% of global supply.

Orano

Orano is France's nuclear fuel cycle company handling mining, conversion, enrichment, and recycling.

Paks II

Paks II Nuclear Power Plant expansion in Hungary, adding two 1.2 GW VVER-1200 reactors by Rosatom.

ROSATOM

ROSATOM is Russia's state nuclear corporation overseeing uranium enrichment, reactor exports, and fuel fabrication.

Russian Uranium Import Ban

US law prohibiting Russian uranium imports, signed May 2024, effective August 2024 with waivers until 2028 for national security.

Three-Tier Fuel Supply

Three-tier fuel supply refers to the Russia-centric nuclear fuel chain: Kazakhstan mining, Russian conversion/enrichment, Western fabrication.

Zaporizhzhia NPP

Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) is Europe's largest with 6 VVER-1000 units totaling 5700 MWe, Russian-occupied since March 2022.

ANSTO(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)

ANSTO (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) is a government research body operating the OPAL research reactor and developing nuclear technologies.

ASP Isotopes(ASPI)

ASP Isotopes Inc. (NASDAQ: ASPI) develops isotope enrichment for nuclear fuel and medical applications.

BWX Technologies(BWXT)

BWX Technologies (BWXT) manufactures nuclear fuel, components, and services for commercial and naval reactors.

Cameco(CCJ)

Cameco Corporation (CCJ), world's largest public uranium producer with 2023 output of 23.5 million lbs U3O8.

Centrus Energy(LEU)

Constellation Energy(CEG)

Constellation Energy (CEG) operates the largest US nuclear fleet at 23 GW capacity.

Curtiss-Wright(CW)

Curtiss-Wright Corporation (NYSE: CW) supplies nuclear valves, pumps, and control systems.

Denison Mines(DNN)

Denison Mines Corp. (DNN), Athabasca-focused uranium explorer with 51% Wheeler River interest.

enCore Energy(EU)

enCore Energy Corp (EU), Texas ISR uranium producer targeting 2M lbs/year from Alta Mesa and Rosita.

Energy Fuels(UUUU)

Energy Fuels Inc. (UUUU), US rare earths/uranium firm producing 638k lbs U3O8 in 2023 from White Mesa.

Entergy(ETR)

Entergy Corporation (NYSE: ETR) operates 5.5 GW of nuclear power across five plants in the southern U.S.

Fluor Corp(FLR)

Fluor Corporation (NYSE: FLR) provides EPC services for nuclear projects including SMRs.

Framatome

Framatome is a French nuclear engineering firm providing reactor fuel, services, and instrumentation for PWRs. It specializes in maintenance, upgrades, and new build support.

GE Vernova(GEV)

GE Vernova (GEV) provides nuclear turbine and reactor technology, including BWRX-300 SMR.

Kairos Power

Kairos Power develops fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactors (KP-FHR).

KEPCO / KHNP(Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power)

KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) and KHNP (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power) are South Korean firms leading PWR exports and operations. KHNP builds and operates APR1400 reactors.

Lightbridge(LTBR)

Lightbridge Corp (LTBR) develops advanced metallic nuclear fuel for light water reactors.

Mirion Technologies(MIR)

Mirion Technologies Inc. (NYSE: MIR) manufactures radiation detection and monitoring equipment for nuclear facilities.

NANO Nuclear Energy(NNE)

NANO Nuclear Energy (NNE) develops portable microreactors ZEUS and ODIN.

NexGen Energy(NXE)

NexGen Energy Ltd. (NXE), developer of Rook I uranium project in Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin.

NuScale Power(SMR)

NuScale Power (SMR) develops the VOYGR small modular light water reactor.

Oklo(OKLO)

Oklo Inc (OKLO) develops the Aurora fast-spectrum microreactor for remote and data center power.

Paladin Energy(PALAF)

Paladin Energy Ltd (PALAF) is an Australian uranium mining company operating the Langer Heinrich mine in Namibia.

PSEG(PEG)

Public Service Enterprise Group (NYSE: PEG), via PSEG Power, operates 3.4 GW of nuclear capacity at Salem and Hope Creek plants.

Radiant Nuclear

Radiant Nuclear develops the Kaleidos microreactor for portable power.

Rolls-Royce Holdings(RYCEF)

Rolls-Royce Holdings (RYCEF) develops a 470 MWe PWR-based small modular reactor.

Southern Company(SO)

Southern Company (NYSE: SO) is a U.S. utility operating Vogtle nuclear plant and developing new AP1000 units.

Talen Energy(TLN)

Talen Energy Corporation (NYSE: TLN) is a U.S. independent power producer owning the 2.5 GW Susquehanna nuclear station.

TerraPower

TerraPower LLC develops the Natrium sodium-cooled fast reactor for advanced nuclear power.

Ur-Energy(URG)

Ur-Energy Inc. (URG), Wyoming ISR producer with Lost Creek output resuming 2024 at 400k lbs/year.

Uranium Energy Corp(UEC)

Uranium Energy Corp (UEC), US ISR uranium producer with 1.7M lbs 2024 guidance from Texas hubs.

Uranium Royalty Corp(UROY)

Uranium Royalty Corp (UROY) acquires royalties and streams on uranium projects worldwide.

Vistra Corp(VST)

Vistra Corp (VST) is the largest US power producer with 6 GW nuclear capacity.

Westinghouse Electric

Westinghouse Electric Company LLC designs pressurized water reactors, supplies nuclear fuel, and provides plant services. It leads in Generation III+ technology with the AP1000 design.

X-energy(XE)

X-energy (XE) develops the Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled pebble bed SMR.