Thermal Efficiency
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of electrical output to thermal energy input from fission. LWRs achieve 33-37%.
Limited by Carnot cycle and steam conditions at 300°C. Advanced designs like supercritical CO2 cycles target 45%. HTGRs reach 48% via higher temperatures.
Why it matters now
Efficiency drives levelized costs in 2025 SMR markets. Microreactors for data centers emphasize high efficiency.