Loss-of-Coolant Accident
LOCA
Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) occurs when reactor coolant inventory decreases due to a pipe break, potentially uncovering the core.
LOCAs are categorized as small-break (<2" diameter) or large-break (>6"), with double-ended guillotine breaks as envelope cases. ECCS must reflood core within 90 seconds for large-break LOCA in PWRs, per 10 CFR 50.46. Peak cladding temperature limit is 2200°F to avoid zircaloy oxidation.
Why it matters now
LOCA mitigation certainties accelerate 2025-2026 SMR NRC approvals like BWRX-300. Data center operators prioritize LOCA-proof designs for baseload power.
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